Governor for fluid-pressure motors



Aug. 6, 1929- J. J. N. VAN HAMERsvEvLD 1,723,589

GOVERNOR FOR FLUIDRREs'sURE MOTORS Filed July 25, 1.927 2 sneets-sneex` l1f l1g- 6, l929 J. J. N. VAN HAMERSVELD 1,723,589

GOVERNOR FOR FLUID PRESSURE MOTORS Filed'July 25, 1927 l 2 Sheets-$heet 2 luiiiiiiiinv//j Patented Aug. 6, 1.929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN J. N. VAN HAMERSVELD, OF CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE ROTOB AIB, TOOL COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

GOVERNOR FOR FLUID-PRESSURE MOTORS.

Application led July 25,

This invention -relates to a centrifugally operated governor for use on Huid pressure motors, such as pneumatic grinders and certain other portable tools which are desirt ably provided with a governor to save air and to prevent racing and breakage when the motor is running with the tool idle. The invention may be regarded as an im rovement over the construction disclosed 1n my ru prior application Serial No. 122,351, filed Jul 14,1926.

he object of the present invention is to provide a governor which is more simple in construction and more sensitive and satislu factory in operation, and havin ease of adjustment and a large range o adjustment for varying speeds.

The invention may be briei summarized as consisting in certain novel etails of contu struction and combinations and arrangements of parts which will be described in the specification and set forth in the appended claims.

In the accompanying sheets of'drawings,

at Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through the motor of a equipped with my improve governor;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the governorfand the parts associated therewith,

au 'the governor being in open osition;

Fig. 3 is a similar view wit the governor is closed position;

Fig. 4 lsan end view of the governor removed from. the motor;

au Fig. 5 is a sectional view substantially along the line 5-5 of Fig. 3, omitting the governor housing;

Fig. l6 is a detail' view` of the. governor body, the same being shown in elevation;

u Fig. 7 is a view corresponding to Fig. 3

omitting the shaft and the governor housing but showing adjustable seats for the governor springs;

Fig. 8 is an end view of the same, this le view corresponding to Fig. 4.-; Figi 9 is a view correspondin to Fig. 7 but s owing a modification in t e form of the adjustable seats for the governor springs; 6u Fig. 10 is an end view of the overnor body showing the adjustable seat o Fig. 9, the weight and the springs being removed from the body; and

neumatic tool` the outer end o 1927. Serial No. 208,108.

Fig. 11 is a side view of the spring seat of Fig. 10. y

Referring now to the drawings, I have shown in certain of the views the governor applied to an air motor similar to that shown in my prior application. This motor includes a cylinder body 15 having a cylindrical bore receiving two eccentric pistons 16 secured to a motor spindle 17 to which a tool, such as a grinding wheel, may be applied. Although the details of the motor are unessential to the invention, it might be further mentioned that the spindle in this instance has a center bearing 18 between the pistons 16, and the cylinder body contains inlet and exhaust passageways and guide ways for a pair of sliding blades or abutments 19, the inner edges of which engage the pistons.

At opposite ends of the cylinder bod are two handles 20 and 21. A portion only of handle 2O is shown, this being the handle through which the spindle 17 projects. The other handle 21 contains a lubricating chamber and an air passageway, shown by dotted lines at 22, this assageway extending from the handle to a valve 23 which can be controlled by a handle 24. From the chamber of valve 23, a passageway 25 extends downwardly or inwardly along side the governor chamber 26 which is arranged o posite the spindle 17, as clearl shown in F1g. 1. It is in this chamber whic is formed as a part of the handle 21 that the governor next to be described is located, the spindle 17 projecting into the chamber as shown.

The governor body may be formed either as an inte al part of the spindle or as a separate piece adapted to be secured to the end of the spindle, as illustrated in the drawings. This overnor body, which is designated as a W ole by the reference character 27, can be inexpensively made as a screw machine product. In this instance it has at one end an integral threaded stud 28 which is adapted to .be screwed into a threaded opening in the end of the spindle 17. Between itsy ends, the bod is provided with a spherical or ball-shape portion 29 which is provided with two diametrically opposite orts 30 extending inwardly from the spherical surface and communicating with a centrally bored opening 31 extending into the governor body from one end thereof. The ports 30 are preferably milled into the spherical portion of the body and to provide a suicient length of port opening at the inner portions of the ports where they intersectJ the opening 31, the latter is preferably enlarged, as shown at 31.

The opening 31 extends inwardly from the free end of the governor body, this end projecting through the wall 32, forming a part of the governor chamber, so that the opening 31 communicates direct with the passageway 25, this being clearly illustrated in Fig. 2. It will be obvious, therefore, that the air may pass direct from passageway 25 into passageway 31 of the glovernor body and out throu h the ports 30 w en they are uncovered by t 1e weight to be referred to. From the ports the air passes into the governor chamber 26, and from this chamber by a suitable passageway 33 (Fig. 2) to the main inlet passagewa extendlng through the cylinder body an adapted to communicate with the cylinder bore.

For the control of the ports and, therefore, for the control of the speed of the motor by the governor, I employ a weight 34 in the form of a disk which surrounds the governor body and is swivelled on two diametrically opposite pins 35 (which are preferably screwed into the body midway between the ports 30) to turn about an axis which is at right a les to the axis of the governor bod and ltlerefore of the spindle 17. This dis 34 has an inner annular portion 36 with a spherical concave inner surface which rides upon the spherical portion of the governor body so as to cover and uncover the ports 30. It is obvious that centrifugal force tends to move the disk from the position shown in Fig. 2 with the ports uncovered to the position shown in Fig. 3, in which position the disk covers the ports. In other-words, centrifugal force tends to move the disk to a position such that it lies in a plane at ri ht angles to the plane of the governor boy. The movement of the disk to Athis position is yieldingly resisted by one or more springs 37, two springs being preferred for balancing purposes. The springs illustrated arevcoil springs having their ends fastened to ears 38 formed on the disk near its outer periphery, and each spring is looped around the governor body where its middle portion finds a seat either directly on the governor body, as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, or on adjustable seat members to be referred to.

In Figs. 2 and 3` the middle portions of the springs engage seats formed by provid-v ing grooves 39 formed directly in the body at opposite sides of the spherical portion of the. dy. The springs are, of course, oppositely disposed. one arranged on one side and one on the other of the disk so as to assist each other in ieldingly resisting the movement of the dis( away from the' position shown in 2 under the action of contrifugal force. When the motor is oper-- ated at its maximum permissible speed, the disk stands in the position shown in Fig. 3, as already stated, and when the motorl is not running or runs at a predetermined lower speed than the maximum speed, the inner annular portion of the disk engages a pair of shoulders 40 constituting stops and located adjacent the spring seats.

As before stated, it may be desirable to render the springs adjustable, and this is preferably done by providing adjustable seats for the middle portions of the springs where they are looped around the governor body. The simplest form is illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, wherein seats 41 in the form of screws are provided, these screws having concavely rounded or recessed heads to receive the springs, the curvature of the recesses conforming substantially to the lshape and contour of the springs. In Figs.

9, 10 and 11, adjustable seats 42 are provided, these extending completel around flattened portions near the ends o the governor body. 'Each of these seats has at one end a rounded and concavely recessed seat portion 42aL and at the other end it is adjustably secured to the governor body by a screw 43.

It will be obvious that with either form of adjustable seat when the seats are moved outwardly greater tension is imposed in the springs, and this, of course, will vary the speed of the motor at which the ports are closed. With the construction shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the springs will be disengaged from the seats formed on the heads of the screws, and then' the screws can be moved in or out, as desired, after which the springs will he rescated on the heads of the screws. With the construction illustrated in Figs 9 to 11, the seats can be adjusted without disengaging the springs therefrom.

With any of the constructions illustrated, the middle portions of the springs have a firm and undisturbed seat while the disk is traveling through its full range of movement. Furthermore, the portions of thc springs extending from the seats to the ears to which the ends of the springs are attached have a free movement relative to the governor body as the disk moves from one extreme position to the other, this being permitted by reason of the fact that the governor body has flattened portions, indicated at 44 in several figures of the drawings, which flattened portions are arranged opposite the portions of the springs which extend from the seats to the ears.

The improved form of governor herein illustrated is sensitive to a high degree, a

small decrease in speed, such as might be caused by the operator applying the tool, such as a grinder, to the Work, being sufcient to move the disk from its position covering the ports When the tool is running idle to a position to fully uncover them so as to allow the tool to develop its maximum power. When the machine is running idle, the air is admitted to the motor in the desired volume independently of the governor. This may be accomplished by providing a by-pass port 45'betvvcen the passageway 45 and the governor chamber, this being illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, or, if desired, the end of the governor body which projects through the Wall between the passageway 25 and the governor chamber may have a sufficient clearance in the Wall to allow a sufficient volume of air to pass to the governor chamber Without requiring a special by-pass port such as illustrated at 45.

The' sensitiveness and eliiciency of this governor is due in part to the fact that the movable parts of the governor do not obstruct the flow of air through the governor body and out into the governor chamber by way of the ports 80, assuming, of course, that the ports are uncovered. This is a distinct advantage over other types of governors wherein the Weights and springs are arranged more or less opposite the Weight controlled ports.

Not only is this governor simple in construction but it can be manufactured inexpensively as the governor body can be a screw machine product, and the Weight or disk 34 can be formed as a die casting, and to facilitate the assembly, the inner bore may be initially substantially cylindrical, and after the disk is assembled around the governor body, the inner portion can, by a peening or rolling process, be given its spherical curvature so it Will conform to and ride on the spherically curved part of the governor body.

Additionally, the governor has to a high degree the feature of durability, and in this connection it should be noted that the movable part, namely, the disk 34, has with the present constructions quite long and ample bearings on the sWivelling pins 35, and there is only one moving part which covers and uncovers both ports of the governor body. which insures uniformity of action at both ports.

Thile I have shown the preferred construction I do not desire to be confined to the precise details shown, but aim in my claims to cover all modifications which do not involve a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

l. A governor comprising a governor body having a spherical surface with a port, and a centrifugally operated Weight Swivelled to the body and riding on the spherical surface so as to open and close the port.

2. governor comprising a governor body having a spherical portion with a port, and a weight in the form of a disk swivelled to the body and adapted to ride over the spherical surface to open and close the port.

f governor comprising a body having a spherical siiifacevvith a port, and a centri ugally operated Weight sivivelled to the body so as to move over the spherical surface on an axis at right angles to the axis of the body so as to open and close the port.

4. A governor comprising a body having'I a spherical surface With a pair of diametrically opposite ports, and a centrifugally operated Weight sWivelled to the body to ride over the spherical surface so as to open and close the portsand adapted at high speed to assume a position in a plane at substantially right angles to the axis of the body.

5. A governor comprising a body having a' p ort, a Weight swivelled to the body and riding on the spherical surface so as to open and close the port, and an adjustable spring for resisting the movement of the weight in one direction.

6. A govcrnoi coinprisin a port, a weight riding on t e spherical surface thereof and sivivelled to the body so as to open and close the port, a spring for resisting the movement of the Weight in one direction, and an adjustable seat for the spring.

7. A governor comprising a body having a spherical surface with a port, a disk riding over the spherical surface and swivelled to turn on an axis at right angles to the axis of the body to cover and uncover the port, and a spring having its ends connected to the disk and its middle portion seated on the body.

8. A governor comprising a body having a spherical surface With a port, a disk riding over the spherical surface and swivelled to turn on an axis at right angles to the axis of the body to cover and uncover the port, and a spring having its ends connected to the disk and its middle portion having a giooved seat on the body.

9. A governor comprising a body having a spherical surface With a port, and a disk riding over the spherical surface and swivelled to turn on an axis at right angles to the axis of the body to cover and uncover the port, the body having an adjustable scat receiving the middle portion of the spring.

l0. A centrifugal governor for air operated motors and the like comprising a governor body having an opening extending into one end thereof and having a spherical portion with ports extending from the a body having spherical surface to said opening and a. disk surrounding the body and swivelled thereto to turn on an axis at right angles to the axis of the body so as to ride on the Spherical surface and cover and uncover the ports.

11. A governor for fluid pressure motors comprising a governor body having a chamber extending inwardly from one end and having a spherical portion with two diametrically opposite ports extending from the spherical surface to the chamber, a Weight in the form of a disk surrounding the body and swivelled to turn thereon on an axis at right angles to the axis of the body so as to cover and uncover the p0rts, and a spring extending from the governor body and attached to the disk to yieldingly resist its movement in one direction.

12. A governor having a governor body with a pair of spaced ports for the passage of motive fluid, and centrifugall operated means in the form of a single welght movable on the exterior of the governor bod so as to simultaneously cover or uncover goth ports.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aix my signature.

JOHN J. N. VAN HAMERSVELD. 

